From Safety Culture to Procedural Discipline: A Multistage Model of Compliance Behavior in Aviation Training Environments
Keywords:
aviation safety culture, SOP compliance, safety internalization, instructor safety leadership, aviation training, safety behavior, safety culture–compliance model
Abstract
Procedural compliance is a critical determinant of operational safety in aviation, where deviations from Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) may escalate into serious safety risks. This study examines how organizational safety culture influences SOP compliance among aviation trainees through instructor safety practices and the internalization of safety values. Using the Safety Culture–Compliance Behavior (SCCB) framework, the study integrates organizational, instructional, and psychological perspectives. A cross-sectional survey of 275 aviation trainees was analyzed using reliability testing, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and serial mediation modeling. The results show that organizational safety culture significantly predicts instructor safety practices, instructor practices strongly influence safety internalization, and safety internalization is the strongest predictor of SOP compliance. Serial mediation analysis confirms that safety culture influences compliance primarily through the sequential pathway of instructor practices and safety internalization. These findings highlight the importance of instructor-centered safety leadership and training strategies that foster psychological commitment to safety.
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References
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Ajmal, M., Isha, A. S. N., Nordin, S. M., & Al‐Mekhlafi, A. A. (2022). Safety-Management Practices and the Occurrence of Occupational Accidents: Assessing the Mediating Role of Safety Compliance. Sustainability, 14(8), 4569. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084569
Al-Bayati, A. J. (2021). Impact of Construction Safety Culture and Construction Safety Climate on Safety Behavior and Safety Motivation. Safety, 7(2), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety7020041
Arifin, K. (2025). Assessing Risk Management Practices on Workplace Safety Factors Among Malaysian Firefighters. Sage Open, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251403831
Bazzoli, A., Curcuruto, M., Morgan, J. I., Brondino, M., & Pasini, M. (2020). Speaking Up About Workplace Safety: An Experimental Study on Safety Leadership. Sustainability, 12(18), 7458. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187458
Beek, D. v. d., Steijn, W., & Groeneweg, J. (2023). Intervention Mapping as a Framework for Developing and Testing an Intervention to Promote Safety at a Rail Infrastructure Maintenance Company. Safety, 9(3), 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9030055
Bentoy, M., Mata, M., Bayogo, J., Vasquez, R., Almacen, R. M., Evangelista, S. S., Wenceslao, C., Batoon, J., Lauro, M. D., Yamagishi, K., Gonzales, G., Burdeos, A., & Ocampo, L. (2022). Complex Cause-Effect Relationships of Social Capital, Leader-Member Exchange, and Safety Behavior of Workers in Small-Medium Construction Firms and the Moderating Role of Age. Sustainability, 14(19), 12499. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912499
Brandhorst, S., & Kluge, A. (2021). Unintended Detrimental Effects of the Combination of Several Safety Measures—When More Is Not Always More Effective. Safety, 7(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety7020037
Chen, W. T., Merrett, H. C., Huang, Y., Bria, T. A., & Lin, Y.-H. (2021). Exploring the Relationship Between Safety Climate and Worker Safety Behavior on Building Construction Sites in Taiwan. Sustainability, 13(6), 3326. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063326
Deng, Y., Guo, H., Meng, M., Zhang, Y., & Pei, S. (2020). Exploring the Effects of Safety Climate on Worker’s Safety Behavior in Subway Operation. Sustainability, 12(20), 8310. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208310
Donovan, S., Salmon, P. M., Horberry, T., & Lenné, M. G. (2020). All in a Day’s Work: Towards Improved Understanding of Safety Leadership During Regular Safety‐related Tasks in Mining. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 31(2), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20876
Drăghici, A., Dursun, S., Başol, O., Boatca, M. E., & Găureanu, A. (2022). The Mediating Role of Safety Climate in the Relationship Between Transformational Safety Leadership and Safe Behavior—The Case of Two Companies in Turkey and Romania. Sustainability, 14(14), 8464. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148464
Fiore, T., Fantinelli, S., Giffi, V., Curcuruto, M., Cortini, M., & Galanti, T. (2023). Ownership and Support: Boosting Performance and Well-Being in Safety. Informing Science the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 26, 209–229. https://doi.org/10.28945/5203
Guo, J., & Li, Z. (2025). Adaptive Kalman Filter-Based Time Synchronization Algorithm for Civil Aviation Communication. Engineering Research Express, 7(1), 015118. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/adb00e
Guo, N., Zhou, Q., Yu, S., Xia, B., & Cong, W. (2025). Examining the Role of Psychological Symptoms and Safety Climate in Shaping Safety Behaviors Among Construction Workers. Behavioral Sciences, 15(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15010066
He, Y., Sheng, Z., Griffin, M., & Yao, X. (2023). A Multilevel Model Linking Altruistic Motivation to Workplace Safety: The Role of Servant Leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(4), 497–517. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2761
Hensley, M. S., Burrows, N. L., Galerneau, A. J., Bekkala, A. P., & Hungwe, K. (2024). Beyond Intentions: Understanding the Gap Between Safety Education and Student Behaviors. Journal of Chemical Education, 101(3), 798–806. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00620
Hu, X., Jiang, L., Willis, S., Casey, T., & Wu, C. (2024). Paradoxical Safety Leadership: Conceptualization and Measurement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 46(1), 66–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2826
Leaver, M., & Reader, T. W. (2017). Safety Culture in Financial Trading: An Analysis of Trading Misconduct Investigations. Journal of Business Ethics, 154(2), 461–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3463-0
Liu, Y., Feng, W., Zhang, G., & Zhang, Y. (2023). The Influence of the University Laboratory Safety Climate on Students’ Safety Behavior: The Parallel Mediating Effects of Ability and Motivation. Sustainability, 15(19), 14070. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914070
Margheritti, S., Negrini, A., & Silva, S. A. d. (2023). There Is Hope in Safety Promotion! How Can Resources and Demands Impact Workers’ Safety Participation? Safety, 9(4), 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety9040079
Mo, J., Cui, L., Wang, R., & Cui, X. (2023). Proactive Personality and Construction Worker Safety Behavior: Safety Self-Efficacy and Team Member Exchange as Mediators and Safety-Specific Transformational Leadership as Moderators. Behavioral Sciences, 13(4), 337. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13040337
Nordin, S. M., Rizal, A. R. A., Rashid, R. A., Omar, R. C., & Priyadi, U. (2021). Incidents and Disaster Avoidance: The Role of Communication Management and the Organizational Communication Climate in High-Risk Environments. Sustainability, 13(18), 10138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810138
Pranoto, D. C. Y., & Susanto, F. (2024). The Challenges in Learning ICAO Radiotelephony: Students’ Perspective. Jurnal Ilmiah Aviasi, 17(01). https://doi.org/10.54147/langitbiru.v17i01
Rojak, O. B., & Handayani, Y. (2023). The Correlations Between Language Barriers and Occupational Safety and Health Communication in Indonesia. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 13(3), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v13i3.49980
Schopf, A., Stouten, J., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2021). The Role of Leadership in Air Traffic Safety Employees’ Safety Behavior. Safety Science, 135, 105118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105118
Vasvári, F., Juhász, M., & Krasz, K. G. (2024). Organizational Culture and Safety: Taking the Hungarian Electricity Industry as an Example. Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.54560/jracr.v13i4.415
Xu, Z., Wang, X., Jin, X., & Ming-hua, Z. (2024). Investigating the Effect of Proactive Personality on Laboratory Safety Attitude of Graduate Students. Journal of Chemical Education, 101(11), 4722–4728. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00355
Zhang, L. (2025). Automatic Deductive Coding in Discourse Analysis: An Application of Large Language Models in Learning Analytics. Sage Open, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251390054
Published
2026-06-04
How to Cite
1.
Bahrawi A, Supardam D, Pranoto DCY, Prayitno H, Braz FSRDC. From Safety Culture to Procedural Discipline: A Multistage Model of Compliance Behavior in Aviation Training Environments. JIA [Internet]. 2026Jun.4 [cited 2026Jun.12];19(2):54 -67. Available from: https://journal.ppicurug.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-ilmiah-aviasi/article/view/1593
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Bahrawi, Dhian Supardam, Dani Chandra Yudho Pranoto, Fiel Salvador Rangel Da Cunha Braz, Hadi Prayitno
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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