Barriers and Challenges in Implementing The State Safety Programme in Indonesia's Aviation Sector

Ari Fianto; Rindri Andewi Gati

doi:10.54147/langitbiru.v19i2.1601

Ari Fianto Legal and Cooperation Division, Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation Republic of Indonesia
Rindri Andewi Gati Politeknik STIA LAN Jakarta

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54147/langitbiru.v19i2.1601

Keywords: aviation safety, policy implementation, PKPN, State Safety Program

Abstract

Indonesia is obligated to implement the State Safety Programme (SSP) through the National Aviation Safety Program (PKPN), governed by Ministry of Transportation Regulation No. PM 93 of 2016. Despite this regulatory foundation, PKPN implementation within the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DJPU) faces significant structural, resource, and institutional barriers. This qualitative descriptive study employs Van Meter and Van Horn's policy implementation model to examine implementation challenges across six dimensions: policy standards and objectives, resources, implementing agency characteristics, communication patterns, implementer dispositions, and external environmental conditions. Findings reveal that policy objectives lack clear outcome-based definitions; human resources, IT infrastructure, and budgetary allocations are insufficient; organizational structure remains ad hoc rather than permanent; communication channels are predominantly informal; and implementer understanding of PKPN is uneven. While operator-level support is relatively adequate, higher-level political commitment is incomplete. The study concludes that PKPN implementation remains suboptimal and requires institutional strengthening through permanent organizational restructuring, enhanced resource allocation, improved inter-agency communication, and closer alignment with ICAO's Eight Critical Elements (CE) framework.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arnika, M., Rifdan, R., Arief, M. M., Halid, A. A. waris, Taufik, A., & Hasrini, S. (2024). Collaboration Between Government Agencies: Challenges and Opportunities in Public Policy Implementation. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik, 14(2), 577. https://doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v14i2.67934
Arwan, Afrianto, I., & Syukran, M. (2025). Safety Management Systems in High-Risk Sectors: Comparative Analysis and Policy Implications. Jurnal Kesehatan Dan Keselamatan Kerja Indonesia, 1(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.61978/jkkki.v1i1.540
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Flight Safety Foundation. (2022). 2021 Safety Report. https://flightsafety.org
ICAO. (2016). Annex 19: Safety Management. International Civil Aviation Organization.
ICAO. (2018). Doc 9859 - Safety Management Manual (4th ed.). International Civil Aviation Organization.
ICAO. (2019a). State of Global Aviation Safety. https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/sp-files/safety/Documents/ICAO_SR_2019_final_web.pdf
ICAO. (2019b). Working Paper WP/231: Development of effective and appropriate State safety programmes. (230; 40). https://www.icao.int/filebrowser/download/76330?fid=76330
ICAO. (2025). Working Paper WP/523: Strengthening effective SSP implementation (523; 42). https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/Meetings/a42/Documents/WP/wp_523_en.pdf
Indonesia National Aviation Safety Plan (2024). https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/safety/GASP/GASP%20Library/National%20aviation%20safety%20plans/Indonesia-NASP-2024-2026.pdf
Koharudin, M., Ricardianto, P., Saribanon, E., & Rafi, S. (2025). The Influence of The Safety Management System (SMS) and The Role of Organizations on Aviation Safety Through Safety Culture at XYZ Airport. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science, 6(2), 1583–1592. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v6i2.3925
Wang, L. (2024). Interactive effects of institutional pressures and internal fit on safety management system (SMS) implementation and safety performance in the global aviation context [PhD thesis]. Concordia University.
Parliament of Australia. (2020). Eight critical elements of a safety oversight system. Parliament of Australia. https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=242357c3-afbc-446b-bde7-64c04dbf2ac6
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor PM 93 Tahun 2016 Tentang Program Keselamatan Penerbangan Nasional (2016).
Silitonga, T., Sumadinata, R. W. S., Sudirman, A., & Hidayat, T. (2022). Civil aviation safety evaluation based on the principle of international civic aviation organization (ICAO). International Journal of Health Sciences, 10188–10210. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS4.11037
Singgir, N. Y., Ferriswara, D., Pramudiana, I. D., & Kamariyah, S. (2025). Implementasi Kebijakan di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis Tren dan Praktik Terbaru dalam Administrasi Publik dan Tata Kelola. Kajian Administrasi Publik Dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(3), 120–149. https://doi.org/10.62383/kajian.v2i3.574
Siswantoro, D. P. (2023, February). ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit - Strengthening State Safety Oversight Capability. RESPONSE Safety Bulletin, 4. https://hubud.kemenhub.go.id/hubud/website/assets/file/bulletinresponse/RESPONSE%20Vol%20IV.pdf
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 Tentang Penerbangan (2009).
Van Meter, D. S., & Van Horn, C. E. (1975). The Policy Implementation Process. Administration & Society, 6(4), 445–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/009539977500600404